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High-purity gadolinium ingots are produced by vacuum induction melting (VIM) or electron beam melting (EBM). Each batch is tested for purity, chemical composition, and trace impurities using GDMS, ICP‑MS, and ONH analysis before processing.
Gadolinium billets are hot-forged into intermediate slabs to refine the grain structure and improve workability. These slabs are then hot-rolled or cold-rolled into thinner sheets, gradually achieving the desired thickness.
Foils and sheets are cold-rolled to achieve the final thickness with tight tolerances:
- Foils: as thin as 20μmm
- Sheets: up to 40mm
Tight tolerances are maintained, and intermediate annealing is used when needed to improve uniformity and reduce stress in ultra-thin foils.
Sheets are cut or slit to the required sizes with high accuracy. Edges are polished to remove burrs for safe and smooth handling. Surface polishing is optional and can be provided on request for applications that need ultra-smooth surfaces.
Foils and sheets are visually inspected for dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and edge smoothness. Approved products are then ultrasonically cleaned to remove dust, machining residues, and handling contaminants.
Foils and sheets are vacuum-sealed in moisture-proof bags and packed in shock-resistant cartons. Each shipment includes a Certificate of Analysis (COA), packing list, and other documents as required.
