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High-purity thulium ingots are produced using vacuum induction melting (VIM) or electron beam melting (EBM). Each batch undergoes rigorous testing using GDMS, ICP-MS, and ONH analyzers to confirm purity, chemical composition, and trace impurity levels before further processing.
The solid ingots are hot-forged into billets, refining the grain structure and improving workability. These billets are then hot-rolled into intermediate slabs, ready for thinning into foil or sheet form.
Slabs are repeatedly cold-rolled to achieve target thicknesses with precise tolerances:
- Foils: as thin as 20 µm
- Sheets: up to 40 mm
Intermediate annealing is used as needed to relieve internal stress and enhance uniformity, especially for ultra-thin foils.
Rolled thulium sheets are cut, trimmed, or slit to the required sizes with tight dimensional control. Optional edge deburring and surface polishing are applied for applications that demand high surface smoothness or safe handling.
Foils and sheets are visually inspected for dimensional accuracy, surface quality, and edge smoothness. Approved items are ultrasonically cleaned to remove dust, oils, and other contaminants.
Foils and sheets are vacuum-sealed in moisture-proof bags and packed in shock-resistant cartons. Each shipment includes a Certificate of Analysis (COA), packing list, and other documents as required.
