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High-quality scandium-bearing ores, typically obtained as by-products from uranium, titanium, and aluminum mining, are processed through chemical and physical separation methods. These steps isolate scandium and remove impurities, producing concentrated scandium compounds for further refinement.
The concentrated scandium compounds are reduced, often with calcium or magnesium, in high-temperature furnaces. This process yields pure scandium metal, which is then refined through advanced methods such as electron beam melting or zone refining to achieve ultra-high purity.
Refined scandium metal is melted in a vacuum induction furnace to prevent contamination and oxidation. It is then cast into ingots of specific sizes, which serve as the starting material for foil manufacturing.
The ingots undergo hot rolling at elevated temperatures to improve malleability and break down coarse grain structures. This is followed by cold rolling at room temperature to reduce thickness, enhance surface finish, and improve structural uniformity. Intermediate annealing restores ductility.
The rolled scandium foil is polished mechanically or chemically to create a smooth, reflective finish. In some cases, protective coatings such as titanium nitride or diamond-like carbon are applied to enhance corrosion resistance and durability.
Each foil is thoroughly inspected to ensure uniform thickness, purity, and surface quality. The finished scandium foil is then securely packaged to maintain its integrity during storage and international shipping.
