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The process begins with sourcing high-purity scandium oxide (Sc₂O₃) or scandium fluoride (ScF₃) from natural ores like thortveitite or industrial by-products such as red mud from aluminum refining. These compounds are then subjected to metallothermic reduction, typically using calcium, to produce scandium metal.
- Scandium Rod: The scandium metal is melted in a vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation. It is then cast into ingots or billets of desired sizes, which serve as the starting material for rod production.
- Scandium Wire: For wire production, the metal is cast into larger billets or rods that are subsequently drawn down to the desired wire diameter.
- Scandium Rod: The cast billets are heated and forged or rolled to the required rod dimensions. This step refines the grain structure and improves mechanical properties.
- Scandium Wire: Similar to rod production, the cast billets are heated and passed through rollers to reduce their diameter, preparing them for the subsequent drawing process.
- Scandium Rod: Rod material is drawn through a series of dies to achieve precise diameters and surface finishes. This process also enhances strength through work hardening.
- Scandium Wire: Wire is drawn through progressively smaller dies to achieve the desired thinness. This process requires careful control to maintain uniformity and prevent defects.
After drawing, the material is annealed—heated to a specific temperature and then slowly cooled—to relieve internal stresses and restore ductility, making it more workable for further processing.
The rods and wires undergo surface treatments such as pickling or polishing to remove oxides and improve surface quality. This step ensures better performance in subsequent applications.
Final products are subjected to rigorous quality control tests, including dimensional checks, surface inspections, and purity analysis. Once they meet the specified standards, they are packaged appropriately for shipment.
