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The process begins with obtaining pure metallic holmium through the reduction of holmium fluoride or holmium oxide using calcium or lanthanum metal under vacuum or inert gas conditions. This step ensures the formation of dense, high-purity holmium metal suitable for further processing into rods.
The purified holmium metal is melted in an induction or vacuum furnace to prevent contamination and oxidation. The molten holmium is then cast into ingots, providing uniform material with controlled composition and grain structure, which serves as the base for rod manufacturing.
Once solidified, the holmium ingots are heated and processed through forging or extrusion. This stage enhances the metal's density, improves grain alignment, and produces cylindrical preforms that are closer to the desired rod shape.
The forged ingots are further reduced in diameter through hot or cold rolling, or precision drawing. This ensures consistent rod geometry, tight dimensional tolerance, and a smooth surface finish that meets high-quality requirements.
The holmium rods are then heat-treated under a controlled atmosphere to relieve internal stress and stabilize their microstructure. This step enhances mechanical strength and ensures uniform performance across the entire rod length.
After heat treatment, the rods undergo grinding, polishing, and surface cleaning to achieve the required finish and accurate dimensions. This process also removes any oxide layers, leaving the holmium rod with a bright metallic luster.
Each holmium rod is inspected for purity, size precision, and surface integrity. After passing all quality checks, the rods are packed in a carton or wooden case supported with soft materials to protect them from mechanical damage during transportation and storage.
