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Neodymium is sourced from rare-earth minerals (e.g., bastnäsite, monazite). The concentrate is refined and prepared for separation.
Neodymium is isolated from mixed rare-earth streams by solvent extraction/ion exchange, then converted into Nd₂O₃ (for Route A) or anhydrous NdCl₃ (for Route B).
Oxide Reduction (Route A)
High-temperature reduction of Nd₂O₃ with a chosen reductant (e.g., carbon) under controlled atmosphere to produce neodymium metal:
2Nd₂O₃ + 3C → 4Nd + 3CO₂
Electrolysis of NdCl₃ in molten salts; neodymium plates at the cathode and chlorine evolves at the anode:
NdCl₃ → Nd + 3/2 Cl₂
Crude neodymium (sponge/deposit) is melted and refined (vacuum/controlled atmosphere) to remove residual impurities and increase density.
Refined metal is cast into ingots or rods, then processed into required forms—rods, foils, sheets, blocks, or custom-machined parts.
Each batch is checked for purity, dimensions, and surface quality. Qualified products are vacuum-packed and labeled with full documentation.
